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Supply chain stage
Fair Trade, Provenance & Certification
Buyers increasingly need to say something verifiable about who made an item and under what conditions. The available instruments include fair-trade certification, cooperative membership, geographical indication registration, craft marks issued by national bodies, and direct traceability to a named workshop. Each proves something different, and none of them proves all of it. This page separates what each instrument actually certifies from what marketing tends to imply, so that provenance claims survive a buyer's own compliance review.
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| How this stage works in practice | Explore → |
| Standard terms and vocabulary | Explore → |
| Common problems and disputes | Explore → |
| Cost impact | Explore → |
| Documents and records to keep | Explore → |
| Country differences | Explore → |
| Service providers and specialists | Explore → |
| Checklists and best practice | Explore → |